Ações afirmativas em Ronald Dworkin: os limites de sua justificação e aplicabilidade.

Abstract

Models of affirmative action are a kind of policy which aimed, roughly, the promotion of diversity and distribution of income between social classes to reduce or balance equality issues. Considering this contemporary social dynamics, the central aim of this paper is to analyze whether the affirmative action model, while deployment of egalitarian liberal theory of Ronald Dworkin, can be a justified alternative to solve the social imbalance present in these societies. Moreover, critically discuss the issue of affirmative action for university entrance from the thought of this author, testing their resilience in the face of criticism from Michael Sandel and Thomas Sowell. For this, different approaches will be offered to this issue given its border character and be interdisciplinary discussion. Our working hypothesis is that the best answer will be offered by considering its various elements - philosophical, legal, social and economic - from two central points: the scope of justification and the practical level. For the first, we discuss the possibility of Dworkin’s theory offers the sufficient theoretical justification for what he calls the policies, in which affirmative action model is included. For the second, we try to understand applicability of these models in their respective contexts. In short, we will seek to find out whether the affirmative action model for university admission can be justified and applied.