Monitoramento da aplicação e de resíduos de agrotóxicos em morangos produzidos em sistema de cultivo protegido

Abstract

The strawberry is characterized by being a pseudofruit of great national acceptance due to its sensorial characteristics. This horticultural species is produced in several states of Brazil and has edaphoclimatic and phytosanitary requirements for its wide production, which often means that pesticide residues are verified in the product in monitoring analyses. There has been a change in the product's cultivation profile, from open field to plastic culture, which can interfere with product degradation. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the degradation of residues of active ingredients of pesticides in strawberry production (Fragaria × ananassa) submitted to protected cultivation systems subject to different periods of safety interval (period between the application of the pesticide and the harvest). Four producers who follow Good Production Practices and register according to Joint Normative Instruction ANVISA/MAPA 02/2018 were selected, and approximately 300 plants were marked to receive phytosanitary treatment, with the recommended dosage according to the agronomic prescription provided to the producer. Strawberries were collected at the end of the products' safety period and, subsequently, new staggered collections were carried out. The samples were collected from December 2022 to February 2023, according to the PNCRC Vegetal Manual and analyzed by the Federal Laboratory for Agricultural Defense in the state of Goiás. For the products applied and registered in the field notebooks, no non-conformities were verified in all the collections carried out. In two production units, residual active ingredients that had not been applied by the producers were detected: Methomyl and Thiamethoxan. These two active principles were degraded to the level of compliance in collections carried out 12 days after the first collection. The hypothesis that the use of plastic culture interferes with the degradation of products and that it would be necessary to extend the safety interval between the application of pesticides and harvesting was not confirmed under the evaluated conditions, with Good Agricultural Practices being an effective mechanism for compliance with the products in relation to current legislation. It is necessary to continue the studies.