Biometria aplicada em campos de produção e índice de vigor em sementes

Abstract

Both seed production sector and agricultural landscape are increasingly more complex. The knowledge regarding nuances that interfere the performance of the main crops needs to be better studied and understood. In this context, the present study consisted of three experiments with the respective objectives: 1) To determine the cause and effect associations and magnitude of seed yield of contrasting growing habit soybean genotypes in two growing environments; 2) to apply a multivariate index of seed vigor to estimate adaptability and stability of different genotypes; 3) To estimate stability and adaptability through the methodologies of AMMI and GGE, as well as to estimate and predict REML / BLUP parameters, and applying them in multivariate models using wheat genotypes throughout the main wheat regions of Brazil. The main conclusions obtained were: 1) The traits number of pods in the main stem, number of ramifications, number of pods in the ramifications, number of pods with one and two seeds show contrasting results when compared though growing environments. The number of pods with three seeds, and mass of one thousand seeds are among the traits most correlated to grain yield, regardless of growth habit and growing environment; 2) the growing environments of Tenente Portela - RS and Santa Rosa - RS are characterized as the environments that express higher magnitude for index of seed vigor, however, biometrically Sarandi - RS was defined as the optimal environment for producing higher vigor seeds. High indexes of seed vigor were expressed for specific genotypes. The genotype x environment interaction influences more than 68% of the vigor index; 3) The predicted genetic approach is superior to the phenotypic approach regarding explicability of genotype x environment interaction effects for wheat seed yield in Brazil. Specific adaptability to seed production was established through both phenotypic and predicted genetic approaches considering specific genotypes in certain environments.