Curva glicoinsulinêmica em éguas durante a gestação e sua relação com peso e altura dos neonatos

Abstract

Obesity can be considered a risk factor during the gestation period due to the endocrine changes that occur in both conditions, and obesity may exacerbate some of them and cause negative effects on the health of the dam and the newborn. Thus, the present dissertation approaches in article 1, a review on this current subject, emphasizing the dynamics of insulin and glucose during the gestation period, the changes caused by obesity in the equine species, and the possible problems of this alteration caused in the dam and in their offspring. In article 2, an experiment was carried out to describe the dynamics of the glucose and insulin curves in pregnant mares during gestation and to evaluate the curves according to the body condition score, identifying the presence of insulin resistance and correlating these values with the weight, height and clinical changes in neonates. Pregnant mares were evaluated altogether and grouped according to the body condition score during gestation until the first postpartum days. GrM, mares with moderate body score (ECC 5-6); GrOv, mares with overweight body score (ECC 7) and GrOb, obese mares (ECC 8-9). Twostage oral glucose test (OST) was used to determine the data. Cortisol analysis was also performed at 300-320 days of gestation, at foaling and after delivery (7-10 days postpartum). For evaluation of the neonate, general clinical examination, weight and height measurements were performed. Disregarding groups division, it was observed hyperglycemia with normal insulin values at the time of delivery, with a subsequent fall in both variables in lactation. Basal glucose was lower in GrM compared to GrOv and GrOb with 70-100 days of gestation and with 130-160 days of gestation. With 270-300 days of gestation and in the postpartum period, GrOb presented increase in basal glucose in relation to GrM. After OST, on the day of delivery, GrOb presented increased glucose values in relation to GrM. After OST, insulin levels were higher in GrOb than GrM and GrOv at delivery. There was no correlation between maternal blood glucose and maternal insulin values with foal weight and height, however, a lower relationship was identified between neonatal weight and mare weight in GrOv and GrOv in relation to GrM. Regarding cortisol analysis, an increase was observed in GrOv and GrOb values compared to GrM in postpartum. At foaling, the mares showed glucose dysregulation, and obese and overweight mares showed a greater response to the OST.