Dimensão espaço-temporal do crime patrimonial de roubo a pedestre no contexto da criminalidade em Pelotas/RS de 2016 a 2019.

Abstract

The growing data on insecurity and crime directly affect the quality of life, production, and transformation of urban spaces, thus influencing new forms of appropriation and sociability. Therefore, space, landscape and perception were considered fundamental concepts in this study, as well as the Brazilian Public Security, which underwent a process of transformation and evolution of its paradigms in the last decades, until the arrival of the concept of Citizen Public Security which brings with it the leading role of municipalities and public security based on scientific evidence, which is substantiated in theoretical sources that explain the phenomena of criminality. A contextualization of Pelotas in the urban network and in terms of crime rates is also carried out to, later, move to the research objective, which is to carry out a temporal spatial analysis of the crimes of pedestrian robbery in Pelotas, evaluating factors that can influence or facilitate your commitment. The methodological procedures involved: collection of secondary and primary data; organization of data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial analysis and in an electronic spreadsheet for other quantitative analyses; previous studies also contributed qualitatively. The analysis was carried out in three scales: municipal scale focusing on the county seat, intra-urban scale focusing on the central area, scale of Coronel Pedro Osório central public square and surroundings. The results show that, from 2016 to 2019, the temporal patterns of pedestrian robberies in Pelotas were heterogeneous and the spatial distribution was relatively homogeneous when related to the Center. The street segments for which the analysis indicates highest incidences of registered cases, as well as the application of the questionnaire on the perception of safety, added to behavioral maps, point to a consistency of criminal theories in explaining part of the crimes registered in Pelotas (RS). In this aspect, it was found that security involves perception, that is, it is not always necessary to have many cases of crimes for people to feel insecure. The emptying of certain places or streets does not prevent crimes from occurring and, in most cases, increases the feeling of insecurity. In the analysis of the street segments, the landscape portrayed disagrees with theories of safe spaces, as there is no diversification of activities, with a predominance of use by commercial establishments, in narrow streets, with large, extensive walls and bus stops. Some of these elements provide hiding places for the commission of a crime, as well as they do not provide relationships of belonging and care, they are places of transitory use, whether for travel to work, educational establishments or other services. Finally, the poor lighting both on the analyzed streets and on the central public square and surroundings corroborate for theft occurrence. It was found that criminal theories related to space, widely tested in other cities, somehow explain the distribution of crime in the studied area.