Violência Sexual em Conflitos Armados: uma leitura feminista e pós-colonial sobre as iniciativas de seu combate no Sistema ONU (2008 – 2019).

Abstract

Sexual violence in armed conflicts has been widely debated in the United Nations (UN) and by feminist theories in general. Since 2008, five resolutions regarding the subject were approved by the Security Council (SC) and in 2009, the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict together with a Team of Experts were established to deal specifically with these issues. Therefore, this dissertation aims to understand the combats initiatives within the organization through a feminist and postcolonial reading, concerning its main contributions for this debate in the international and public arena. It’s used documental research at UN official records, including Office and Team of Experts Reports, SC Resolutions and its deliberative meetings. As for the bibliographical research, the discussions are subsidized by the International Relations (IRs) feminist theory, also articulating gender with other analytical categories such as race, nationality and territory informed by postcolonial feminism. It is noted that the United Nations lacks conceptual accuracy to comprehend conflict-related sexual violence and, besides, there is also a normalization of the war system, that doesn’t challenge the status quo of International System, reinforcing the hierarchical aspects due to its hegemonic practices and “orientalists” discourses. It is understood that in those contexts, women are not only victims but survivors entitled to justice and reparation. Moreover, although it contradicts what the specialized literature advocates, this research defends normatively the specificity of such modality of violence, in a way to emphasize a feminist positioning and deliberately antimilitary, that claims for the cessation of armed conflicts and demands accountability from the UN and the States.