Análise de desempenho energético e viabilidade econômica de fachadas solares fotovoltaicas na zona bioclimática brasileira 2.

Abstract

The buildings are big consumers of energy, either through its construction or its use. Thus, it becomes a necessity to design with energy efficiency, searching for alternative and sustainable sources so that they can generate their own energy. Many countries already design efficient buildings with low consumption needs, mainly through photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. These systems can be installed close to the point of consumption, combined with the benefit of being able to replace or overlap constructive elements. However, it is still considered a source of high investment in Brazil. However, considering that the coatings can represent between 6 and 20% of the cost of the building and, assuming that these can be replaced by PV modules, it is extremely important that this avoided cost is computed in the final cost of this technology. Based on this context, the aim of this work is to analyze the economic viability and the energy performance of a solar photovoltaic façade (SPVF), of a commercial building, compared to others lined with usual civil construction materials. The methodology relies on the simulation of the energy performance of the building, for different materials of coating and / or vertical closing, through the EnergyPlus software and the calculation of the generation of PV energy made through data of the program Radiasol.The economic feasibility analysis was done by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). This part of the comparison of the usual civil construction systems with the PVS (photovoltaic system), through the costs avoided with the vertical coating and / or closing and with the generated energy. The results indicated that in the energetic performance of the building, the façade where only the transparent part was replaced, obtained a uniform reduction between the analyzed variables (total consumption, heating and cooling) when replacing the single glass. However, the other façades where only the opaque parts were replaced or both, showed increase both in total consumption and in cooling, but reduction with heating. On the PV generation, the facade only with semitransparent modules, presented a PV contribution of approximately 15%. When, with only opaque modules, the contribution becomes up to 41.11%. However, when dealing with a FSFV, it contributes 56.66% of this consumption. PV solar power generation is only not higher due to the position (90 °) of the modules. While this is not the best tilt angle in terms of system performance, it still presents power generation. It was also possible to verify that PV technology is feasible, and in the best scenarios, can replace only the transparent part (single glazing) with PV glass, having a return time between 5 and 6 years. In the same way can only replace the opaque coatings (ACM - Modified Aluminum Composite), where it presents return time between 8 and 10 years. Or replace an entire system (ACM + plain glass) with a return time between 5 and 9 years.