Armazenamento, características físico-químicas e compostos bioativos em frutos de araçazeiro amarelo

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of the fruits of 12 genotypes of yellow guava fruits harvested at the Centro Agropecuário da Palma - UFPel. With the interest of the population about a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and the increasing appreciation of native fruits, it was justified the search for more knowledge about Psidium cattleyanum L., a species quite common in domestic orchards and family properties in the Rio Grande do Sul State. The experimental orchard comes from seeds collected from fruits of spontaneous populations collected in the south of Rio Grande do Sul State, and after three years of implantation, 12 genotypes with promising characteristics were selected. The analyzes were made in the 2016/17 production cycle and repeated in the 2017/18 cycle, in the fourth and fifth year of production, respectively. The fruits produced by the selected plants were evaluated, where at first they were evaluated diameter, height and fresh weight, soluble solids contents, titratable acidity and pH; analyzes performed with the fresh fruits. In the first cycle, the fruits of A15 and A36 were superior to the other treatments in relation to the physical-chemical characteristics. In the second cycle, in the month that preceded the harvest, there was a great reduction in the pluviometric volume, which ended up reducing the size and the fresh weight of the fruits. Nevertheless, A36 access remained above average in these assessments. Afterwards, the fruits previously frozen for carotenoid contents, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were evaluated. As occurred in the physical-chemical analyzes, there was a difference between cycles for the phytochemical characteristics due to the reduction of the pluviometric regime. Materials A30, A35 and A06 were higher for the contents of phenolic compounds and carotenoids; however, for antioxidant activity, A06 obtained significantly lower mean. As a complementary evaluation, in the first year it was also chosen to evaluate the useful life of the fruits, subjecting them to UV-C radiation and refrigerated storage for 12 days. It is considered that the accessions should be accompanied by a greater number of cycles, in order to obtain more consistent information about the morphological aspects and the composition of the fruits, since the climatic conditions influenced in their physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics.