Desempenho fisiológico de sementes e metabolismo antioxidante de plântulas de alface e de trigo sob ação dos extratos aquosos de buva e de azevém

Abstract

The works was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of Physiology - UFPel in the years 2012 to 2014 and aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of plant extracts on physiological aspects of seeds and lettuce and wheat seedlings. In chapters 1 and 2 leaf extracts were used horseweed (Conyza bonariensis) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) at concentrations of 0; 2; 4; 6 to 8% as the target species and lettuce seeds were used. In Chapter 3, the target species was wheat and the aqueous extract was of Lolium multiflorum leaves at concentrations of 0; 2; 4; 6 to 8%. We evaluated the germination, the first count, the germination rate index, shoot length and primary root, total seedling dry weight, electrical conductivity, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbarto-peroxidase (APX), lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, seedling emergence, leaf area, shoot and root length and total dry mass of emerged seedlings. In Chapter 1, it was found that higher concentrations of the aqueous extract showed higher horseweed inhibition of germination and initial growth of lettuce seedlings. There was an increase of the electrical conductivity lettuce seeds, hydrogen peroxide levels, lipid peroxidation and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase. In Chapter 2 it was found that the aqueous extract of ryegrass leaves negatively affected the first count, the germination speed index and the growth of lettuce seedlings. The increase of the extract concentration resulted in higher in antioxidant enzyme activity, being more pronounced results observed at concentrations of 6 to 8%. In Chapter 3, the wheat seed germination speed was reduced markedly in concentration 8% of ryegrass extract. Higher concentrations of the extract produced the highest yields of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.