Atributos químicos de solos cultivados com arroz na região sul do Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Over time Upland rice cultivation in southern Amazonas State has shown low productivity attributed to several factors, among which chemical attributes of limiting soils. However few studies about soil fertility under rice crop have been conducted. This study aims to evaluate the main chemical attributes of 72 soil samples of cultivated grasslands, identify possible chemical limitations, as well as establish relationship between these soil attributes. Seventy-two soil samples at depth of 0 to 20 cm (top soil) were collected in grasslands planted with rice, including the municipalities of Humaitá, Manicoré, Novo Aripuanã e Canutama. Distribution of sand, silt, clay, organic carbon, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, manganese, zinc, iron contents were determined. Active and potential acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and aluminum saturation were also established. The results were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and to regression analysis. As a general rule, soils of cultivated grasslands have sandy, loamy silt and silt clay loam texture low potassium, calcium, copper, manganese, and zinc content, high iron content, low and appropriate magnesium content, very low phosphorous content. It was also achieved on that soils, medium and appropriate organic matter content. Low and medium pH in CaCl2 and medium and appropriate pH in water, cation exchange capacity in medium, to high levels, low and medium base saturation, high and very high aluminum saturation. SMP pH was efficient for estimating potential acidity; clay and total organic carbon are efficient for estimating soil cation exchange capacity in grasslands planted in southern Amazonas State. The main chemical limitations for soil cultivation are: high potential acidity, low and medium base saturation and very low phosphorous availability.