Viabilidade financeira, desafios e oportunidades de acesso ao crédito rural na zona sul do Rio Grande do Sul para sistemas agroflorestais familiares: uma perspectiva integrada aos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável

Abstract

Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) represent sustainable alternatives to monoculture by promoting rural production diversification through the integration of agricultural crops and forest species in the same area. Despite their recognized socioeconomic and environmental potential, scientific literature has largely focused on biophysical aspects, often neglecting in-depth discussions on financial feasibility and access to rural credit. In this context, this study aims to analyze the financial viability of two SAFs implemented by family farmers in the municipalities of Canguçu/RS and Chuí/RS, located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, specifically in the Pampa biome. The goal is to highlight the relationship between this production model and the current rural credit system. A qualitative methodology was employed, using semi-structured questionnaires with open-ended questions sent via the instant messaging app WhatsApp to 29 participants — including 12 agroforestry farmers, 9 EMATER/ASCAR technical staff, and 8 funding agents. The responses were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique, with support from Atlas TI software, allowing for categorization and the identification of emerging patterns. Financial data were processed using the AmazonSaf spreadsheet (version 10.5, 2021), enabling the calculation of economic indicators and assessment of the systems' financial viability. The study aims to provide consistent financial data to support the development of specific technical projects, expand access to rural credit for agroforestry family farmers, and encourage the formulation of public policies that promote and strengthen funding lines tailored to SAFs — thereby fostering their expansion in the region.