Associações da atividade sérica da paraoxanase 1 com o polimorfismo PON1 T(-107)C e a ingestão de nutrientes

Abstract

The paraoxonase 1 is an antioxidant enzyme bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that protects lipoproteins and cell membranes from peroxidation. Serum PON1 is mainly regulated by genetic factors but studies suggest that environmental factors may also modulate enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PON1 polymorphisms in women and relate it to food consumption, mainly fat intake, to serum lipid profile and anthropometric measures. The study included 39 women who completed a food frequency questionnaire. The variables studied included serum PON1 activity, a polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene C (-107) T, intake of total calories, lipids, vitamins C and E, beta carotene, age, BMI, and lipid profile. The results of this study demonstrated the frequency of PON1 polymorphisms hasa strong linear association between the presence of the favorable allele C and the enzyme activity when not considering individual feed intake. When divided by the intake of some nutrients, it was possible to observe that the presence of the favorable C allele hada strong relationship to enzyme activity, when women had low calorie intake, low intake of total lipids, cholesterol and saturated fat and retinol in the diet. On the other hand we observed the opposite effect in relation to the increased intake of ω-3 and to the low consumption of ω-6 and vitamin C. There was no association between genotype and lipid profile. In sum, it can be concluded that PON1 enzyme activity is strongly modulated by the presence of the C allele, however it can also be modulated by certain nutrients, since an interaction between an individual's genotype and consumption of certain nutrients was observed.