Influência do polimorfismo R577X da ACTN3 na resposta ao treinamento físico intenso: desempenho, estresse oxidativo e perfil nutricional

Abstract

Genetics is an important factor in explaining the different responses of individuals to physical training. The most studied genetic differences are known as genetic polymorphisms. Some advances have already been made regarding the genetic influence in modulating the response to physical training, but much still needs to be done regarding the development of different training protocols according to the athletes' genetics, in order to obtain a better result in the gain of performance and lower risk of injury or development of problems, such as increased oxidative stress. Thus, the evaluation of performance in physical tests and oxidative stress in response to a period of intense training can elucidate part of the ACTN3 gene's contribution in the response to physical training and susceptibility to injuries during training, thus allowing personalized interventions for each individual, such as changes in diet, for example. The sample consisted of male military personnel with a similar profile, all of whom underwent a protocol of two weeks of intense physical training. Physical and oxidative stress tests were performed to verify the effect of training on subjects. Anthropometric values did not differ between genotypes. The nutritional profile was intermediate. Changes in the plasma oxidative stress of subjects after physical training were observed in relation to the analyzed genotypes. The physical training protocol used was adequate for gaining physical performance. With the results found, there seems to be an association of the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with the modulation of the performance gain in physical variables related to strength and resistance after the stimulus.