A formulação da entrevista científica: uma proposta baseada nas noções bakhtinianas de alteridade e exotopia

Abstract

Considering language practices as a devices to accessing a given order of knowledge and speech situations, a conducive space for subjectivation, and revelation of specificities of scientific research practices, can allow the disclosure of specificities of those involved, enriching the research, we start bakhtinian notions of otherness and exotopia to defend the proposition that, in formulating the questions in the script of the methodological interview process, prior consideration and contact with the specific context of the respondents (interviewee) allows the researcher (interviewee), when elaborate the questions in the script, significantly reduce the direction of the respondent (interviewed) discourse, duly respecting their status as subjects, and not only as objects of research. The process considered the characteristics of research activity that used the interview as a methodological procedure of gathering and analysis. The interview, in this sense, is understood as a device of discourse production, which allows condensing various situations of enunciation that occurred in previous moments (ROCHA, DAHER, SANT'ANNA, 2004), giving rise to a speech with relevant considerations not only about the researched but also, and mainly, about the research. Concepts about academic research activity, the interview in an investigative situation, the dialogical discourse theory (VOLOCHINOV, 2004), bakhtinian otherness and exotopy (BAKHTIN 1979 and 1992), evaluative intonation and active responsiveness (SOBRAL, 2009) and the methodological process as an experience, among others, were operationalized. Final considerations made it possible to understand how the researcher reveals characteristics of the complexity of both the research activity and his own, regarding the way the questions in the interview script were elaborated, which will be used as a procedure for scientific research. Therefore, this thesis does not seek to question the interview method, but rather to reflect on the possibility of making it a part of this otherness and exotopic procedure.