Capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida em pacientes tratados por transplante renal ou hemodiálise: um estudo de caso-controle

Abstract

Objective: this study aimed to compare clinical stages between chronic kidney disease patients treated by kidney transplantation or maintenance hemodialysis.. Materials and methods: A case-control study was carried out in a hospital in southern Brazil, including 42 individuals, 14 undergoing kidney transplantation (Tx group) and 28 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment, matched to the Tx group by sex, age, body mass index and presence of diabetes. All participants were assessed by tests of functional capacity, lower limb strength, upper limb strength, and static and dynamic balance, and answered a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). Throughout the analysis, a two-tailed significance level of 5% was used. For numerical variables with normal distribution, the T test and unpaired Wilcoxon test were used for numerical variables with asymmetric distribution. Results: The results presented did not show significance levels for the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) 464.8 ± 76.2 for Tx and 451.4 ± 125.3 p=0.71 for HD, nor of the Timed Up and GO (TUG) test scores 8.1±1.9 for Tx and 8.6±3.3 for HD p=0.3 and in the sit and stand test in 30 seconds (30CST). The Tx group presented higher scores in the handgrip strength test (HDS) 34.2±10.4 and 27.5±9.2 in the HD group. In the physical health domain of quality of life in relation to the HD group (53.7 (25.9 -59.2)), the Tx group obtained better results 47.1 (24.3-59.5) p=0, 03. What can be seen about quality of life is that there was a significant difference in the pain domain, where the Tx group presented better results compared to the HD group. Conclusion: Although kidney transplantation brings many benefits, there was no improvement in the quality of life or functional capacity of the Tx group when compared to the HD group. What could be observed was that the Tx group presented higher scores on the HDS test and also in the SF-36 in its pain-related domain.