A influência dos índices urbanísticos na capacidade de geração de energia fotovoltaica em zonas residenciais

Abstract

Technological advances enable buildings to incorporate energy generators within their structures, producing part or all of the energy they consume. Among the technologies that allow for on-site energy generation, photovoltaic technology is one of the most promising. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) should be incorporated during the design phase of buildings, with photovoltaic modules considered as part of the building envelope rather than as later additions. Urban morphology plays a fundamental role in the energy efficiency of cities, as factors such as building layout, street width, and others can create shading that negatively impacts the performance of photovoltaic systems.This dissertation investigates the impact of urban morphology on BIPV in a low-density residential area in the city of Pelotas/RS, specifically in the Laranjal neighborhood. Morphological characteristics and local legislation influencing BIPV system performance were analyzed, considering variables such as plot dimensions, building heights, required setbacks, and solar orientations. Representative models of predominant typologies in the region were simulated using Autodesk Revit software with the Insight plugin, evaluating solar radiation on horizontal surfaces (roofs) and vertical surfaces (facades) under different building distances and solar orientations (NW, NE, SW, SE).The results showed that roofs performed better in terms of solar radiation, while facades were more affected by shading. The NW solar orientation was the most favorable, while SE showed the lowest solar radiation availability. After simulating solar radiation availability, the photovoltaic generation capacity was manually calculated for the models with the best and worst solar radiation availability. Despite restrictions in some situations, the results indicated that buildings can generate sufficient energy to meet the average monthly consumption of a household, demonstrating the feasibility of BIPV application in the studied area.Finally, the research proposed adjustments to the planning of new developments and architectural projects to maximize BIPV system efficiency. The findings emphasize that the urban morphology of the Laranjal neighborhood's expansion contributes positively to BIPV integration, aligning with energy and urban sustainability demands.