Efeitos do uso de exaustores eólicos e de diferentes genótipos na redução de perdas, na qualidade e no custo do armazenamento de grãos de soja

Abstract

This study was divided into three chapters related to the storage of soybeans. The first chapter aimed to evaluate the effects of the wind exhaust system (with and without natural lighting) during soybean storage (0, 3, and 6 months) on energy cost, mass loss and grain quality parameters. During storage, the silo without exhaustion showed more hours of aeration (191 h), higher energy consumption (9550 kW), and higher reduction in moisture (2.07%) and mass loss (105 tons), when compared to silos with exhaustion. All silos had good conservability during storage. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the effects of genotype (BMX LANÇA IPRO, NA 5909 RG, BMX ATIVA RR, and BMX GARRA IPRO), sowing date (October 25th and November 15th), and storage time (0, 6, and 12 months) on the quality parameters of soybeans. The NA 5909 RG genotype showed higher values of acidity, lipase activity, and fermented kernels and lower values of soluble protein and germination, indicating lower adaptability to the conditions of the environment where it was grown and a higher susceptibility to prolonged storage. The higher soluble protein content and germination and lower electrical conductivity, Insect-damaged, and fermented kernels found in the BMX LANÇA IPRO genotype indicated a higher adaptability to the conditions of the environment where it was cultivated and to prolonged storage. The third chapter aimed to evaluate the effects of genotype (BMX ALVO RR, DM 57I52RSF IPRO, BRS 5601 RR, and 95r51), cultivation environment (Bagé/RS, Cachoeira do Sul/RS, Vacaria/RS, and São Luiz Gonzaga/RS), and storage time (0, 6, and 12 months) on soybean quality parameters. The lower values of acidity and lipase activity were found in the city of Vacaria. When cultivated in São Luiz Gonzaga, the 95R51 genotype showed lower levels, and the DM 57I52RSF IPRO genotype the higher levels of soluble protein. The higher germination and lower electrical conductivity levels were found in DM 57I52RSF IPRO and BRS 5601 RR genotypes. The index of fermented kernels during storage was higher in the cities of São Luiz Gonzaga and Cachoeira do Sul and lower in the cities of Bagé and Vacaria. The reduction in lightness (L* value) was higher in the 95R51 genotype, and in yellowing (b* value) was higher in the 95R51 and BMX TARGET RR genotypes. These results show that the DM 57I52RSF IPRO and BRS 5601 RR genotypes showed better adaptability to the environments studied, reflecting good conservability during prolonged storage, especially when grown in Bagé and Vacaria.