Atenção às pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na APS no contexto da pandemia: perfil e ações ofertadas

Abstract

Diabetes is a non-communicable chronic metabolic disease, considered a public health problem at alarming levels, responsible for 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year. Of the total expenditure on health, 10% is spent on diabetes and its complications. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the health actions received by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus followed in primary care according to socioeconomic, demographic and clinical characteristics. Quantitative, epidemiological, cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January to May 2022, with 105 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus followed by the health units of the city. Data collection was carried out using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) electronic platform, by completing the form by the researcher, via telephone, containing socioeconomic, demographic and clinical variables related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research, under opinion CAAE number 51938621.5.0000.5317, on November 17, 2021. A descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. The Chi-Square for heterogeneity was calculated using the statistical program Statistica 7.0 by Statsoft®. For the Prevalence Ratio, its respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated using the MedCalc statistical software. The results show that socioeconomic (family income) and clinical characteristics (type of assistance, visit by the community health agent and vaccination against Covid-19) were associated with less receipt of health actions. Still, factors associated with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified as being 70 years of age or older, not being literate and having incomplete elementary school, retirees/pensioners and people with more than five years of disease. Thus, the planning of public health policies aimed at improving the organization of care and improving the quality of health actions in the treatment and follow-up of people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus provide subsidies with regard to the reduction of complications due to the illness.