O momento de antagonismo: o político, a política e a justiça no Brasil (2013 - 2018)

Abstract

This thesis is the result of approaching the crisis of Brazilian democracy between the years 2013 and 2018, developed in theoretical research based on references from post-foundationalist critical theory. It deals with the relations between politics, the political and the legal, which are part of the articulation of the anti-political discourse that prevailed in the period, composing a framework of political regression. In question, the de-democratization process, considering in it the demands shared between anti-democratic discourses, associating conservative and neoliberal elements in politically reactionary counter-publics. The limitations of the hegemonic democratic consensus are in question, with its post-political and post-democratic pretensions, characterized by the denial of ontological conflict, unavoidable from political and politics, in which political demands and identifications be defined. The restraints aimed at preserving the democratic consensus, therefore, do not prevent political manifestations, which may involve part of the institutionality in anti-political discourses, as openings for the articulation of discourses haracterized as populist, based on the definition of Laclau (2005). In the articulation of anti-democratic discourses, they can take the form of populist discourse, as a means of containing, through politics, democratic demands, questioning the anti-demos senses of democratic consensus.In this context, reform agendas and “moralizing refoundation” stand out in Brazil. Thus, are problematized the discourses involved in the moment of antagonism, in which the veto and the protection of democratic politics are articulated, under alleged institutional normality. Bibliographical and theoretical research demonstrates that the hegemonization of meanings articulated in anti-politics arises from articulations in politics, permeating social and politics, to the detriment of the latter, with the forging of fears and risks about democracy, inducing its mitigation while maintaining the political form.