Efeitos da precipitação pluvial e da disponibilidade hídrica na pesca artesanal da Lagoa Mirim

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rainfall and water availability in fish landings of the Mirim Lagoon. For the research we used historical data of the lagoon area, located in southern Rio Grande do Sul, with part of its boundary bordering Uruguay. The data from the annual landings (t) of pond fish have been derived from statistics generated by IBAMA. The rainfall data were collected by the meteorological station of Santa Vitória do Palmar. These figures are annual totals. The Mirim lagoon level data were collected by the Agency of the Mirim Lagoon, on two points: Santa Isabel and Santa Vitória do Palmar. Monthly averages were calculated. The study period was from 2002 to 2010. It was not possible to conduct the study with a longer period, because there was no historical data available. They were applied to the data, cluster analysis, quantile analysis, temporal variability analysis and linear regression analysis. The most abundant species observed in the landings were traíra, jundiá, peixe-rei-de-água-doce, pintado, cará, viola de água doce and biru, respectively. There was a greater similarity in landings of jundiá and pintado, followed by the similarity between peixe-rei and biru landings. Fishing for viola and traíra resembles the jundiá and pintado. There was no similarity between the cará of the landings with the other species. The years with rainfall accumulated less than 1012.7 mm were classified as very dry; between 1012.7 and 1202.2 mm as dry; between 1202.2 and 1290.8 mm as normal; between 1290.8 and 1543.1 mm as rainy and above 1543.1 mm were classified as very rainy. Species: cará, jundiá, traíra and viola, had a significant correlation with rainfall the previous year landings. The linear regression analyzes were efficient and significant between the monthly level of the pond with the species: biru pintado, traíra and viola. There was no correlation with jundiá, cará and peixe-rei. The water availability in the Mirim Lagoon is related to rainfall in the region and with the use of this resource for supply and irrigation. The annual fish catch in Mirim Lagoon are determined by the availability of stock, increments and fishing efforts and rainfall.