Recuperação do Campo Nativo na Zona de Amortecimento do Taim em Integração Lavoura Pecuária

Abstract

The objective was to determine a management that increases the environmental and productive sustainability of the Taim Damming Zone (ESEC Taim) agrosystems, through the recovery of native pasture in Livestock Farming Integration areas. The work was carried out at Santa Cândida Farm, Santa Vitória do Palmar / RS, located around ESEC Taim, where four treatments were evaluated: Campo Native (CN), Unit (U), Two Years of Fallow (Two Years) and Four Years of Fallow (Four Years). Two assessments of native vegetation were carried out, one in autumn (26/04/2018) and one in spring (11/12/2018). The percentages of Paspalum pumillum, Axonopus affinis, Leersia hexandra, Cynodon dactylon, Juncaceous, cyperaceae, other species, legumes and dead material were observed at six sampling points per treatment. The percentage botanical composition of the treatments was compared by randomized multivariate analysis of variance (P <0.05) and ordering by principal components. The bromatological quality (crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) of available forage was compared by Univariate analysis of variance and Tukey mean comparison test (P <0.05). Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between the treatments, as the floristic composition, both in autumn and spring, as well as the bromatological quality of forage in autumn. However, there was no difference in bromatological quality in spring. It was found that the treatments Campo Native, Two Years, Four Years and Unit had the potential to reinvigorate floristic diversity with the reappearance of native forage species, demonstrating the ability to recover degraded areas by rice cultivation for many years, by using management techniques such as fertilization, fallow, introduction of exotic species and crop rotation. The implementation of the Livestock Farming Integration System provided the return of quality in both botanical composition by floristic and bromatological diversity, being an alternative capable of reversing the disturbances caused by the continuous cultivation of rice, recovering monoculture areas and causing there to be preservation and sustainability at the same time in the Taim Damping Zone.