Monitoramento hidrossedimentológico numa bacia hidrográfica do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense

Abstract

The construction and the use of hydrosedimentological monitoring networks, are extremely important for the comprehension of the dynamics of phenomena involved, e.g. rain, discharge and sediment production. The hydrosedimentological monitoring is realized to describe and understand the transport and production of sediment in one catchment. Therefore the objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between the hydrosedimentological processes in one rural catchment, using monitoring techniques. This work was developed in the Arroio do Ouro catchment, situated between Pelotas and Morro Redondo/RS, with a drainage area of 17,27km², with average elevation of 194 meters, and undulating relief predominant. The soil uses are destined to activities in small farms, observing the cultivate of peach, corn and tobacco, apart from activities of livestock milk and aviculture. The continuous hydrosedimentological monitoring began in the beginning of 2014, with precipitation sensors (rain gauges), pressure sensors (pressure-sensing limnograph), and turbidity sensors (turbidity meter).During the 6-month monitoring period (April to October, 2014) 13 precipitation events were monitored, with different features and different condition of use and management. The results demonstrate that the sediment production has a direct relation with the magnitude of the precipitation events, in which one of these events was responsible for the transport of 1335,58 tons of sediment, corresponding to 59,4% of the total production of sediments of the all monitoring events. The bedload transported represented from 9 to 43,8% of the total of sediment rate, highlighting the importance of the total bedload in Arroio do Ouro. The hysteretic loops did not produce predominance of one type of way, presenting clockwise and counter-clockwise events. However, the events which presented counter-clockwise hysteretic loops were characterized by the lower magnitude. In these events it is possible the occurence of sediment deposition in the river channel, limited to transport of sediment from more distant areas, as it is typical in this type of hysteretic loops.