Bioestimulantes e polinização manual na cultura da oliveira

Abstract

The olive tree is known for its biennial nature, that is, it takes two years to complete the reproductive cycle. A characteristic of this species is the anemophilous pollination that favors cross-pollination. In this sense, it is extremely important to know its floral biology in order to develop complementary pollination methods and techniques and thus select cultivars adapted to certain regions. The objective with experiment one was to evaluate the fruit setting index in the Koroneiki cultivar and consequently the productivity from the applications of biostimulants (Bio1) and (Bio2) at a concentration of 150ml for each 100 liters of water. Seven treatments were carried out: T1 control without application; T2 three applications of Bio1 in pre-flowering, at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis; T3 with two applications of Bio1 pre-flowering and anthesis; T4 an application of Bio1 at anthesis; T5 three applications of Bio2 in the pre-flowering, in the anthesis and 15 days after the second application the third was made; T6 two applications of pre-flowering and anthesis and T7 one application of Bio2 in the anthesis.The evaluated variables were pollen grain fertility, production per plant, productivity and average mass of 100 fruits. In experiment 2, the objective was to identify, among the three cultivars Coratina, Pendolino and Koroneiki, the best pollinator for 'Arbequina', therefore, cultivars that have the approximate phenological cycle in their time and flowering were chosen. Manual pollination occurred on the third day after the anthesis of the donor cultivars, the second being seven days after the first. From then on, production analyzes were carried out. The results of experiment one point to advantages of treatment with biostimulant Bio1 with significant differences over biostimulant Bio2, with a difference of 28.79% when compared to the best treatment of biostimulant Bio1 (T2) over the best result of biostimulant Bio2 (T5) .The results of the second study with artificially induced pollination point to Coratina with significant differences in the variable number of fruits set, production per plant and productivity per hectare, setting at least 3.6 times more than treatments T1, T3 and T4' Arbequina', 'Pendolino' and 'Koroneiki'. Concluding therefore that inexperiment one, there was an increase in pollen grain fertility and consequently in crop productivity. In experiment two, however, there was an improvement in fruit setting with manual pollination with the Coratina cultivar.