A Geografia em livros didáticos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (1900 - 1980)

Abstract

The main thesis that I defend is that the Geography of primary education in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in the 20th century was expressed under different nuances - Geographical Thought, a school discipline of Geography and Social Studies - characterizing specific periods of the production of geographic knowledge. Methodologically, the proposal assumes a dimension centered on documental analysis. With regard to the practice of archives, document analysis is based on a historiographical operation, that is, a way of “facing history as an operation trying, in a necessarily limited way, to understand it as the relationship between a place, procedures of analysis and construction of a text” (CERTEAU, 1982, p.66). A priori, textbooks as documents. The production, dissemination and appropriation of these expressions of geographic knowledge are analyzed in the thesis based on textbooks produced for primary education in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in the 20th century (1900 - 1980). In this historical period (20th century), diverse theories and visions are born, not only for Brazilian education, but also for Geography, because, in the face of transformations, the diversity of theoretical and methodological conceptions defended by the Traditional and Critical “Geographies”, rekindle discussions on the directions of science and school discipline. However, this Geography renewal movement seems not to have reached didactic production in the State of Rio Grande do Sul before the end of the 20th century. Thus, it is admitted that, from a didactic and pedagogical point of view, there is a predominance of content and generalist, in a technical scope, in the forms of expression of geographic knowledge in textbooks produced for primary education in the State of Rio Grande do Sul throughout of the 20th century.