Padrão e qualidade de sono durante a adolescência: estimativas e seus determinantes em participantes da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 2004

Abstract

Sleep is an essential biological process for adolescent physical and mental development. Changes in sleep patterns can cause damage to the health of individuals and have been observed not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents. This study aims to explore the sleep patterns in a sample of Brazilian adolescents and their associated factors. The sample is composed of participants from the 2004 Pelotas / RS birth cohort, at 11 years of age. The following sleep outcomes were assessed: insufficient sleep duration (<8 hours /day), long latency time (> 30 minutes) and self-reported poor / very bad sleep quality. Independent variables encompassed characteristics of the perinatal period, sociodemographic and behavioral and health aspects of the 11 years. Bivariate chi-square analyzes were conducted to describe the sample and Poisson regression analysis with adjustment for robust variance by hierarchical levels to explore the relationship between outcomes and exposures. Of the 3,460 adolescents included in the study, 22.6% had insufficient sleep time (average sleep duration was 9.3 hours), 15.5% had long latency time, and 4.5% selfreported poor/very bad sleep quality. Different determinants were observed for the three evaluated outcomes. Those factors associated with more than one outcome showed that children of less educated mothers had a lower risk for insufficient sleep and a greater risk for long latency time, studying in the morning was associated with a greater risk for insufficient time and lesser for long latency. Performing physical activity was associated with longer sleep duration and less risk for long latency time. The study presents important information for sleep health in adolescence since the sleep pattern is important for development is related to health determinants for adulthood.