Nível de vigor de sementes, adubação, falhas e desempenho de plantas de soja

Abstract

Knowing the seed being sown in the soil is essential for successful farming. In this sense, the present work aims to verify the influence of soybean seed vigor together with failures in the sowing line, sowing speed and base fertilization management on soybean yield attributes in different locations in Rio Grande do Sul. South and different agricultural crops. The chapter I experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pelotas-RS in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 harvests and the experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, 3 levels of vigor, (high, medium and low) and 4 failures in the sowing line (normal distribution, 1 failure at each linear meter, 2 failures at each linear meter and 3 failures at each linear meter) with 4 repetitions. In chapter II, the experiment was conducted in the municipality of Caibaté-RS in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 harvests and the experimental design was randomized blocks in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme (6 sowing speeds (3.0, 3.7, 5.4, 6.8, 8.0 and 10.1 km h-1) and 2 levels of vigor (high and low vigor) with 4 replications. In chapter III, the experiment was carried out in the agricultural season 2017/2018 in the municipalities of Caibaté-RS and Pelotas-RS and the experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, 3 levels of vigor (high, medium and low vigor) and 4 doses of NPK at sowing (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1) with 4 replications. The plant population, plant height, height of insertion of the first legume, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds were evaluated in the experiments. per plant, mass of seeds per plant, mass of one thousand seeds and yield. Seed vigor and sowing row distribution affect the components of ren ment of the soybean crop. Low vigor results in smaller plants with fewer pods per plant and fewer seeds per plant. Soybean yield when established with high vigor seeds produce more in relation to low vigor, as well as produce more with a uniform distribution in relation to 3 failures in the row. The plant population reduces considerably with increasing sowing speed, and this decrease is more pronounced when low vigor seeds are used. Sowing carried out at a speed between 3.7 to 5.4 km h-1 combined with the use of high vigor seeds are ideal for obtaining higher yields. NPK fertilization positively influenced the yield components and soybean yield. The increase in NPK doses does not compensate for the yield when the seed used is of low vigor.