Protocolos terapêuticos com enrofloxacino de rápida ação e reposição eletrolítica e energética em casos de diarreia e broncopneumonia neonatal bovina

Abstract

During the first weeks of life, disorders of the digestive and respiratory tracts have been frequently reported in bovine neonatology. Enteric and respiratory disorders, such as diarrhea and pneumonia represent economic losses for the Brazilian milk and beef industry, and are the main causes of death in this animal category. Although, in recent years, the Veterinary Medicine have presented significant technological developments in several areas, consistent effects on the reduction of the mortality rate of newborn calves were not observed. Therapeutic approaches usually are inconsistent and do not take into consideration the clinical conditions of individuals. Until now there are no studies including the clinical pharmacology of these diseases encompassing and measuring the pathological factors described in this complex system. Experiment 1 aimed to evaluate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of enteric and bronchopulmonary infections using enrofloxacin fast action and its association with supportive treatment as well as monitor the clinical course of these diseases by measurement of serum metabolites. Experiment 2 aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical and zootechnical responses of calves affected by diarrhea and pneumonia treated with an oral solution of electrolyte and energy replacement. In Experiment 1, treatment DIARRHEA ATB + SUP in animals affected by diarrhea, showed favorable results as clinically staining mucosa and parameters of γ-glutamyltransferase (P=0.02) TPP (P=0.001) and albumin (P=0.01); in those affected by pneumonia, the same group showed clinical improvement in patterns of pulmonary rales and the best results in the biochemical evaluation of γ-glutamyl transferase (P=0.03) and albumin (P=0.05). Thus, it is concluded that the therapy of diarrhea and bronchopneumonia in bovines neonates with enrofloxacin fast action associated with supportive treatment improved the protein profile of affected animals, inducing a more effective inflammatory response and consequently clinical improvement. In the Experiment 2, for animals affected by diarrhea, treatment DIARRHEA ANT + RORAL showed favorable results in the parameters of chlorides (P=0.02) and calcium (P=0.01), but the parameters of mucosal staining (P = 0.04) and PPT (P = 0.01) showed better results in the treatment DIARRHEA REV. In animals affected by pneumonia, treatment BRONCO ANT + RORAL showed better parameters relative to levels of phosphorus (P=0.01), whereas treatment BRONCO ATB + REV showed lower levels of total leukocytes (P=0.02). In addition, these two treatments showed increased level of γ-glutamyl transferase (P=0.04). Thus, it is concluded that oral replacement solution improved the energy status in cases of diarrhea and bronchopneumonia, while intravenous fluid therapy was more effective in maintaining the levels of PPT and staining of mucosal of animals with diarrhea as well as decreased the severity of diarrhea as demonstrated by lower levels of total leukocytes.