O potencial expressivo da linguagem em Nietzsche: da dissolução dos opostos à intertextualidade de Assim falava Zaratustra

Abstract

The present thesis assumes the radicality of the dissolution of opposites as the culmination of a long process of maturation of Nietzsche's thought. However, it is not just a restricted critique of morality that makes impossible the evaluative polarities good/bad, fair/unfair, etc. The main problem that emerges from the dissolution of opposites is the corresponding linguistic impossibility of saying something beyond oppositions. The estoppel here is logical, for the axiomatic principle of noncontradiction always ensures that an affirmed truth carries with it the simultaneous negation of its inverse. Therefore, within the validity of a logically determined language, there will always be opposites, regardless of the strength of the critique of established morality; independent of any genealogical attempt to expose the awkward origins of the Western moral evaluation system. In a language that receives its boundaries and orientations from logic, one will be, invariably, even implicitly, decreeing substitutive truths to those being criticized. The hypothesis of the will of power is the exemplary case to illustrate this, and Heidegger was the interpreter who marked in a lasting way the ambiguity that burdens Nietzsche's expression: when Nietzsche criticizes all supersensible and, in its place, makes it evident that the place of truth becomes occupied by the sensible; by becoming; by the will of power, the case necessarily turns out to be a mere inversion within the truth/appearance polarity. More precisely, an inversion of Platonism. This conclusion, however, is only pertinent from the support of logic and through a mistaken understanding of the will to power hypothesis. Accordingly, in order to mark both the radicality of the dissolution of opposites and to show that Nietzsche surpasses the axiomatically active normativity in language, we argue that Thus Spoken Zarathustra mobilizes the expressive potential of language beyond logical bond. The main feature of Zarathustra's discourses, as this thesis argues, lies in the liar's paradox as a means to the dispensability of true and false judgments and, consequently, of a decisive dismissal of logical normativity.