Perfil de ácidos graxos do biodiesel obtido por esterificação in-situ da biomassa das algas Palisada furcata, Phormidium sp., Chroococcales sp. e Pseudanabaena sp.

Abstract

In this work, is investigated the effect of four different organic solvents on lipids extraction from biomass of macroalgae Palisada furcata, using ultrasound as a reaction promoter. Also, is showed biodiesel synthesis from biomass of macroalgae Palisada furcata and cyanobacteria Chroococcales sp., Phormidium sp. and Pseudanabaena sp., using an in-situ esterification method with acid catalysis and ultrasound assistance. Among organic solvents, the chloroform showed greater efficiency to extract total lipids, however, there were no significant differences between the fatty acids profiles due to the solvent used. The fatty acids profiles, elucidated by GC-FID and GC- MS, showed 69-76% of saturated fatty acids, 16-22% of monounsaturated fatty acids and 7-10% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids methyl esters profile of biodiesel derived from the biomass of P. furcata was similar to that determined in extraction using methanol. Cyanobacterias Chroococcales sp., Phormidium sp. and Pseudanabaena sp. present the total lipid content of 5-11% and the conversion of lipids to biodiesel variable between 11-14%. Biodiesel derivated of cyanobacteria biomass showed 42051% of satured fatty acids, 33-46% of monounsaturated fatty acids and 4-18% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The procedure described in this work could be considered an economical and environmental methodology to esterification reactions with commercial importance. Significant advantages of the method include low cost of the catalyst, the reaction is easy to execute, simple manipulation, the required reaction times are shorter and the reaction can be conducted at room temperature.