A partir das concepções arendtianas, a tolerância em uma perspectiva política.

Abstract

This master thesis aims at approach Hannah Arendt’s theoretical references to the theme of tolerance, transcending a religious sphere, revealing itself a political issue. From political perspective of Hannah Arendt, the research aims to argue that dissent is part of politics, such as treat the intolerant’s reasons as way of improve it. Since ancient times of the Middle Ages, with its religious influence until a secularized political conception in modern times, the historical events has transformed or affected the perception about tolerance. In modern times, the man “was thrown back upon himself” and not to live with others. In the “mass society” and in the “phenomenon of loneliness”, the distance between men swells, as well a distance from discussion of human issues. These phenomena contribute for the human condition of “plurality”, present in human beings that inhabit planet Earth, to be perceived in an idea of “the others”, whose opinion and ways of life encourage hostilities and intolerances. In order to have harmony between those who lives together and have different opinions, ways of life, etc. it is necessary to be tolerant, as well as to prevent intolerant from destroying free societies. So, it seems reasonable that there is a limit to tolerance. However, even in this societies, intolerance can arise when the hegemonic idea overrules and suppress minority ideas. Both Arendt’s thought and political work will be support to argue the toleration as an action, in a public-politic realm. Nevertheless, they contribute to think intolerance, not as opposition, but a variant within the same spectrum of political action.