Construção de uma proposta de ensino da competência relacional no processo de formação do enfermeiro para o trabalho em equipe

Abstract

The study aimed to build a teaching of relational competence in the process of formation of the nurse to teamwork proposal based on the ideas of cognitive development and learning processes of Vygotsky. The research took place in Nursing College from the southern region of Brazil. 20 nurses participated in the study, ten of them were teachers and ten were graduates in this educational institution working, by the time of data collection, in a large hospital in same city as the Nursing College. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, with a constructivist approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from September, October to November 2018. The analysis followed the Minayo’s operative proposal emerging themes: the importance of interpersonal relationships for the management of the care: graduates vision; characterization of relational competence in nursing curriculum of the educational institution searched; teaching and learning of skills associated with relational competence of nurses in the vision of the teachers; teachers relationship at work between their peers and students; What is has already been noticed in the students teaching and learning about relational competence?; weaknesses in the development of relational competence; suggestions for better development of relational competence along nurses training; relational competence for teamwork in the training of nurses construction proposal . With the results, it has been found that in the teaching and learning process of relational competence for teamwork considering the political project of the Nursing College Curriculum studied, many weaknesses as the lack of visibility of the professors towards the relational skills that must be built during the formative process of nurses such as: good communication, leadership, empathy, responsibility, commitment and ethical behavior; and besides, absence of curriculum content planning by the institution which shows that improvements need to be made to the construction of the relational competence. Yet, the deletion of the content in educational planning and preparation of the insecurity showed in working with the theme of interpersonal relationships with the students, mainly when conflicts between students happen. However, some capabilities were exalted as the students' study groups stimulating teamwork and support, since the first semesters, the development of bond between students, patients and health professionals. A proposal for development of relational competence for the nurse in teamwork was build up, as well as, planned to be developed gradually or cross during the training process, which matches the ideas of implementation of knowledge seen developed by Vygotsky; and yet a deeper exploration at some point on time of graduation. The proposal aimed an integration between technical education assistance with learning the subjective aspects in the nursing work., which should be emphasized at all times and timely educational fields. Finally, an insertion of relational competence planning in the process of formation of the nurse in two dimensions of development of education: theoretical approach about relational knowledge and practical skills.