Prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde que atuam na assistência hospitalar e fatores associados

Abstract

The Burnout Syndrome results from negative experiences between the subject and his/her work and usually is found in professionals whose task involves the Constant contact with other people and the provision of some care. Its manifestation involves three di mensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of fulfillment with work. The justification of the present study is based on the fact that health work, especially in a hospital context, involves a high load of emotional tension, and the research es on Burnout in these contexts, mainly include the medical professionals and the nursing staff, in which the other professionals of the multidisciplinary staff are not usually involved in these investigations. From then on, the purpose of this study was t o identify the prevalence of the Burnout Syndrome in healthcare professionals who work in the care area of a hospital and identify factors associated to this outcome. A cross sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample comprised by 209 profes sionals who worked at a university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under number 2.629.427 . The data collection took place between the months of May to October 2018 and the participants were requested to answer a self applied questionnaire with sociodemographic and occupational data, besides the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI HSS), which was translated and validated for the Brazilian context. This instrument consists of 22 items which assess the three dimensions that involve the syndrome, being the most used one to investigate it. The accuracy criterion adopted to characterize the Burnout were the high scores in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low scores in professional fulfillment, according to the cut off points of the instrument. The prevalence of the syndrome in the sample studied was of 28,7% (n = 60) and the professionals whose income ranged between R$ 2500 R$ 5000 and who were in their first job presented a high er probability of the disorder. The findings suggest that the prevalence of the syndrome was moderate. Besides this, it is understood that salary plays an important role in the worker’s valuation, his/her labor activity and their fulfillment as a professional. Furthermore, the inexperience may be associated to the difficulty of dealing with the hardships of the health work making the individual more vulnerable to Burnout. It is concluded that there is a need to invest in strategies of prevention and confrontation of Burnout centered in the individual and work. It would also be relevant that the workers, since they started working at the hospital and along their activities, could have some specific follow up of occupational psychology and the management of th e departments where they work in order to facilitate their adaptation to the routine and the confrontation of the difficulties which may arise along the working process.