As vivências das pessoas com o transplante renal.

Abstract

The chronic kidney insufficiency consists in a loss of functions performed by kidneys, carrying to serious problems in person’s health. Among the adopted treatments, the transplantation sets up itself in the best therapeutic modality once it provides quality of life. Even when successfully carried on, it doesn’t mean cure, the person still being carrier of kidney disease. In this way, the person becomes dependent of care which aims the health maintenance. This study aimed to know the experiences of people with kidney transplantation through the Technique of Critical Incidents, having a qualitative approach, descriptive. Twenty people with kidney transplantation were interviewed, during the period of May to July of 2013. The approach was performed through telephone contact, in order to invite the transplanted people to participate of the study. After accepted, the meet were scheduled. Data collection occurred through semi structured interviews. After this, it was performed the content analysis, through a thorough and continuous reading, aiming to isolate the occurred situation, emitted behaviors and the results consequences, classifying them as a positive form and/or negative one. There were 683 critical incidents. Of these, 450 situations (272 positives and 178 negatives), 141 behaviors (108 positives and 33 negatives) and 92 consequences (19 positives and 73 negatives). In front of these findings, it was observed that the transplantation promotes an improvement in the quality of life, once it releases the person with chronic kidney insufficiency from dialysis. Moreover, it allows the return to the social, labor and intellectual activities, which were interrupted after the “coming” of the disease, improving in this way the physical and psycho posture. However, the person is not off of the kidney disease, once she needs to take new cares with her health, paying attention to food and fluid intake, to hygiene, to immunosuppressive drugs, further the restrictions in some activities and about the constant clinical reviews, living with the risk of organ transplanted rejection and the possibility of return to de dialysis. As worrying factors that can cause limitations in life, as well losses in the maintenance of health, it was highlighted the presence of collateral effects of immunosuppressive drugs, lack of guidelines about how behave in certain occasions and the deficient assistance of the health system. Upon the occurrence of factors, positives as negatives, implicated in the life of a person with kidney transplantation, it is believed that the Technique of Critical Incidents used in this study contributed to the knowledge of the person’s living.