Os laços sociais de indivíduos em sofrimento psíquico.

Abstract

The Therapeutic Residential Services are under the prospect of reinventing everyday, because they allow individuals to live with others in a house and face the daily problems and challenges. It is important being an environment that leverages the dreams of these individuals, because through this model of care they can learn to (re) realize the life of relationships, emotions, meanings, subjectivities, with the social bonds that were almost destroyed in the asylum. It is a qualitative study that aims to understand the general constitution of the social bonds of individuals in psychological distress and residents in the Therapeutic Residential Service (WRS) in Caxias do Sul - RS. It was used the mapping and the technique of participant observation, totaling 700 hours in the month of May 2010, as well as data from medical records and the construction of eco-map of seven residents who were subjects of this study, derived from the database of research networks to rehabilitate - evaluating experiments on the composition of psychosocial care networks. Data analysis included the following themes: social bonds, scenes and subjectivities - a mapping study on the social relations in WRS, the weak and strong bonds and the dream of returning home, gift, hau and counter-gift and social bonds. The bonds between residents and their affections were weakened and broken by the harsh certainties of asylum, which separated them from their families because of the control or due to the disease itself. Currently, the construction of new ways of coping, the new accommodations of life, the other forms of subjectivity of their own experience of going crazy, so are the responsibility of the psychosocial care. It also remains the responsibility of psychosocial care, the need to find professionals, residents and community, the solutions and strengthening bonds between the resident and their affects on social exchanges that allow the return to their home, in the opinion of each individual. Gift, Hau and Counter-gift are evident when the team of professionals sit next to the resident and have lunch together in an exchange of feelings, fact that goes beyond the therapeutic care only. Residents of the WRS have been "stamped" by the psychiatric hospitalizations, separating them from their symbolic and geographic territories; currently it has multiple possibilities in the objective dimension of health services. They are scattered throughout the territory, in churches, with the residential neighbors, people who live in the neighborhood, working in the bakery, in bars, in the local market, in the workshops in CAPS; they are in hydrotherapy, hippotherapy, and in the act of learning to read and write through the Literate Brazil Program. These opportunities empower individuals to relate to each other and with everything around them, restructuring a social bond that was lost in time and space of the asylum. It is concluded that social bonds of individuals in psychological distress and residents of this service-home called WRS can be strengthened through this mental health equipment.