Nietzsche e o positivismo: crítica da moral e filosofia do conhecimento.

Abstract

The paper is basically divided into three moments; in the first of them, deals with the presentation of Nietzsche's critique of the so-called "absolute" principles of positivist moral philosophy, especially the philosopher's critique of altruism. It is also intended to present at this stage the way in which positivism has served to counteract and develop the Nietzschean perspective on the instinctual nature of values, insofar as it seeks to substantiate the idea which is not the philosopher's criticism of positivism a radical critique or a form of dogmatic anti-positivism. In a second moment, we try to analyze how Friedrich Nietzsche associates the theory of the positivist knowledge with the sensualism and the naive empiricism, opposing such gnosiological notions what can be considered its interpretive paradigm as what the philosopher called the perspectivism. In a third, we try to show how Jürgen Habermas in his work Knowledge and Interest can put Auguste Comte's positivism as one of the decisive influences of Nietzsche's perspectivism, associating the author with the spirituality born from the arguments elaborated by Hegel in his book , The phenomenology of the spirit and still to transcendentalism of Kantian inspiration.