Theodor W. Adorno: Emancipação e Liberdade para além da Sociedade Administrada.

Abstract

Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969), although he is not considered an Illuminist, he has dedicated in his philosophical reflection, the prospects that belong to this tradition: this is what happens with the acceptations of "emancipation" and "freedom." Based on these, it examines its theoretical contribution to the understanding of human emancipation in the plurality of historical societies and in the philosophical confronting of freedom problem. In this horizon, the thought of Adorno focuses on the theme of emancipation and its historical possibility at the core of philosophical contribution from Frankfurt School in its attempt to attribute human beings the responsibility for the preparation of their ways of life. Therefore, two questions become relevant, namely: the emancipation is a historical possibility, and if it is compatible with the rest of society, or whether it requires its suppression. From the Dialectic of Enlightenment, written together with Max Horkheimer, passing through Minima Moralia, Introduction to Sociology and by Aesthetic Theory, among other documents, but mainly in Negative Dialectics, investigates the hypothesis that Adorno assumes the emancipation overcoming the established reality. However, in his opinion, human emancipation is not antagonistic to life in society; rather it requires for its accomplishment as functional link as well as for him, emancipation remains a possibility that has not yet been effected in the course of human History. In this direction, a theoretical development cannot be understood in the philosophy of commitment to human domination or the dehumanization of the world. Adorno is a critical thinker, a Critical Theorist of Society, and its philosophy, focused on "analysis model", proposes to make the "determinate negation" of entanglement between life and production, between freedom and repression, between progress and development, finally aims to effect a "negative dialectic" of human existence within the limits of established reality. The theoretical elaboration of Adorno's approach enables a "mass society", which was the bulwark of events such as Nazism. Also, his current thinking is regarding the analysis of the contemporary society, providing a theoretical architecture that exposes pressing issues on education, aesthetics, political morality, among others, which make explicit the conditions and possibilities of human resistance set against the refusal of reflection by becoming socially far away of the objectives required provides the depth that is needed for differentiation before society that seeks to harmonize all with the goal of dominating and alienating.