Educação sexual no ensino fundamental: construindo uma unidade didática

Abstract

Young people are becoming sexually active earlier and longer and extending their sex life longer. Few are those who receive and seek proper guidance. Still, in the 21st century it is clear that the theme Sexuality is treated with many taboos; Many families, because of the difficulty of speaking openly about the topic with their children, place this responsibility only at school. Thus, the school becomes fundamental in the process of sexually educating young people through the debate on health promotion, the importance of healthy development without judgments and labels, helping them in the formation of their sexual identity and the appropriation of scientific knowledge. . Given this reality, this study aimed to investigate the reality found in a rural school of a municipality in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul on the theme "sexuality", as well as the conceptions of elementary school students on the subject through the development of a teaching proposal. The theoretical framework of the research was based on the assumptions of the thematic axis “Sexual Orientation” proposed by the Transversal Themes contained in the National Curriculum Parameters (BRASIL, 1998). This study aimed to contemplate reflections on the issues of sexual development, as well as the biopsychosocial transformations of adolescents. For this, a Didactic Unit (UD) called “Talking about Sex” was created, totaling a set of 8 classes that provided various discussions and reflections, both biological and explaining the arrival of menstruation in girls' lives, the appearance of hair. , body care and hygiene, psychological, with the management of common conflicts in adolescence as well as social through discussions on issues of respect and tolerance to diversity. Also, at U.D. Different didactic resources were used in order to streamline the classes, encourage creativity, provide debate and assist students' learning. For data collection, two questionnaires were used: 1) about the conceptions about Sexuality and 2) students' evaluation and registration at each new U.D. class, as well as their opinion about the activities performed. It also included audio recording of the classes, logbook recording by the research teacher and analysis of school documents. From the research it was found that young people are insecure and uninformed about their sexuality, do not talk with their parents about the subject, ask their questions with friends and on the internet, ie, a reality, commonly mentioned in research on sexuality. subject matter. Also, it was found that working with the theme can promote students' self-knowledge, respect for diversity and their bodies, alleviating social problems inside and outside the school. This study generated an educational product, whose objective was to build a pedagogical alternative to help the basic education teacher to plan his classes on sex education.