O bilinguismo português/polonês na constituição disposicional e na prática: perfis sociológicos de cinco descendentes de poloneses no município de Dom Feliciano/ RS

Abstract

The present work has as its theme the Portuguese/Polish bilingualism and as main objective investigated, through the constitution of sociological portraits: (1) how the dispositional constitution for bilingualism occurs in the descendants of Poles in the municipality of Dom Feliciano and (2) as the disposition for bilingualism is put into action through oral and written comprehension and oral and written production, being the social the locus where it is printed these singular kneading, culturally constituted. The theoretical assumptions of this research are mainly related to the theory of action and to the concepts discussed by the French sociologist Bernard Lahire. However, the concept of vocality, based on Paul Zumthor's (1993) theory, was also important to understand the permanence of orality in the municipality through the chants kept by oral tradition, which transcends temporality, through historicity in the use of voice. Besides that, the concept of bilingualism of Grosjean (2008) was used. The individuals researched to compose this research were adults, four women and a man with variable ages between 33 years, the youngest, and 77 years, the oldest, in which the only criteria used to be part of the research was the Polish descent. This way, the trajectories of Maria, Eva, Lorena (countryside residents), Leônia and Márcio (city residents) were investigated. They constituted the sociological profiles in the first part of this work and indicated the importance of an investigation in the social sphere, which was performed in the second part of the data analysis. The methodological contribution was linked to the vertical scale analysis in order to understand the internal plurality of the individuals surveyed through the execution of in-depth interviews. In doing so, the results of this research demonstrated that the constitution of the bilingual disposition by descendants, mostly belonging to the third generation, is related to dispositional experiences incorporated in childhood, mainly in the contact with grandparents, that was able to construct specific schemes of actions (summaries of experiences) such as the repertoires (chants intoned in wakes, “Oplatek” ceremony and tradition of traditional foods). The singular folds of each individual, constituted through contextual factors, analyzed in this work through the written materials (the newspaper “Lud” and “Gazeta Polska”, the permanence of writing in the cemetery); as well as the importance of the school, which was responsible for leaving the language in certain periods in wakefulness, were conceptual contributions that helped in the understanding of the bilingual practice of the region.