Emissões de metano e óxido nitroso em sistemas de produção e área natural de terras baixas

Abstract

The agricultural activity plays a important role in the dynamics of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by the soils, with a emphasis on the carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The absorption capacity of infrared radiation of CH4 is 25 fold higher than the absorption of CO2 and 298 high to N2O, for a stay period in the atmosphere of 100 years, characterizing as potent GHG. The present study had as objective the evaluating of the dynamics of N2O and CH4 emissions in production systems and in natural area of lowlands, seeking to identify systems potentially mitigating GHG emissions. The study included evaluating of four experimental areas already implemented and located at an Embrapa Temperate Agriculture experimental area, in Capão do Leão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on an Albaqualf soil, involving the followings systems: irrigated rice/fallow, corn/soybean rotation in no-tillage (NT) on wide base ridges, native pasture and natural area. The dynamics of CH4 and N2O fluxes was evaluated for a period of two years between the fall of 2015 and the summer of 2017, using the methodology closed static chamber. In addition, the total emissions of CH4 and N2O and the partial Global Warming Potential (GWPp) were calculated. The irrigated rice/fallow system presented higher accumulated emission (2 years) of CH4 (1,486.0 kg CH4 ha-1) than the other systems, the CH4 fluxes predominated during in periods of rice cultivation. Consequently, this system presented higher PAGp (40,268.0 kg CO2 equiv. ha-1), 92.3% as CH4, than the other treatments (p<0.05). The highest total accumulated N2O emission was recorded in the native pasture system (34.8 kg N2O ha-1). However, the total emission of GHG from this system was low (PAGp of 10,475.26 kg CO2 equiv. ha-1), being 98.9% as N2O. In this system, the N2O emissions were associated with the frequency of animal grazing. The native pasture and corn/soybean systems, shown to be potentially mitigating GHG emissions, compared to the irrigated rice/fallow system, while the GHG emissions in the natural area were lower than all systems (PAGp of 1,505.99 kg CO2 equiv. ha-1) mainly as N2O.