Desenvolvimento de um instrumento para identificar as barreiras para a prática de atividade física em crianças

Abstract

Several aspects can influence the involvement in physical activities, they are biological, social and environmental nature. Among these aspects are the barriers to the practice of physical activity (PA), which are defined by the literature as obstacles of daily life that may prevent the practice on a regular basis. Despite being a widely researched topic in recent decades, in a survey in the main health databases (PubMed, Lilacs and SciElo), there are no studies that have investigated the perceived barriers to PA in Brazilian children. The knowledge on the subject in this age group is, among other things, affected by the lack of validated instruments for this purpose. In this sense, the present study aimed to develop an instrument to identify the barriers to the practice of PA in children. This was an observational character validation cross-sectional study with school population from 06-09 years of the city of Uruguaiana / RS. The design of the instrument is made from several steps: construction of the theoretical framework; content validation; lifting barriers through open questions applied by Proxy-report (n = 100) and focus groups (parents or responsible and children). Constituting a questionnaire consisting of 29 closed questions. After testing the clarity of the instrument, its implementation was carried out by Proxy-report (n = 293) to verify the construct validity (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha). After a week, the same parents or guardians were asked to answer the questionnaire retest reliability (n = 168) verifying the agreement (Kappa). Exploratory factor analysis distributed the 29 questions in six factors, the total variance of 55.6%. All items that have defined the factors obtained load greater than 0.4 and eingenvalues above 1.0. The internal consistency analysis, item-total correlations ranging from 0.23 to 0.64 and the total value of alpha was 0.90. The reproducibility varies between 0.43 and 0.78. Nineteen questions met all the criteria adopted for the study, constituting an instrument that has validity and reliability appropriate to identification the barriers to PA in children.