Frequência e variáveis associadas a casos de violência na infância e adolescência e o papel do estudante de odontologia

Abstract

Violence is recognized as a major public health problem. Children and adolescents are frequent victims of abusive acts. Due to the frequent involvement of structures in the head / neck region and the oral cavity, the physical manifestations place the dental surgeon in a privileged position to identify victims of violence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of children and adolescents victims of violence and to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of head and neck injuries, through the records of body of crime examinations of the Legal Medical Department, in the city of Pelotas, as well as to carry out a systematic review regarding the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of dentistry students in relation to cases of violence against children and adolescents. The medical reports of children and adolescents (0-19 years old), who underwent examination of the offender's body during the period January 2011 to December 2015, that presented an offense to the integrity and / or health of the victim were evaluated. In this study, 2.717 children and adolescents were submitted to a body of crime, with a total of 2.172 exams resulting from violence; Lesions that had as etiology the physical aggression (1,952) presented higher prevalence. The analysis of the victims revealed that the majority were white (74.77%) and female (50.23%), with a mean age of 14.63. The head and neck region was affected in most cases of violence (57.92%). After adjustment, the occurrence of violence was positively associated with female gender (PR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.17), age groups of 11-15 years (RP 1.29, CI 95% 1.14-1.47), and 16-19 years (PR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30) and lesions in the head and neck region (RP 1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.29). In relation to the systematic review, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and Scielo databases were searched, there was no restriction of year and language, 16 articles were included in the study. From the studies evaluated, all showed that dentistry students are aware of cases of violence against children and adolescents, despite deficiencies in relation to diagnosis and denunciation. It was verified that the students who were in more advanced periods presented better knowledge when compared to the previous levels. The findings of this study reaffirm the importance of the dental surgeon in the diagnosis and denunciation of suspected child abuse, performing integral care to the patient.