Prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas sugestivos do diagnóstico da síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono, na população adulta de Pelotas.

Abstract

Objective – To evaluate the prevalence of habitual snoring, and observed obstructive apnea, and associated factors. Material and Methods – A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil with a representative sample comprised of 3136 adults (20 years). A questionnaire was used to define variables. Information was collected on demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and anthropometric variables. Crude and adjusted statistical analysis using exact test or chi-squared test for trend and a multivariate analysis through Poisson regression model were carried out, respectively. Results – The prevalence of habitual snoring was 50.5% (CI: 48.1-52.8) and the observed obstructive apnea was 9.9% (IC95% 8.7-11.2). After adjustment, the risk of habitual snoring was greater in male gender (Prevalence ratio – PR 1.25, CI95% 1.16-1.34), in elderly people (PR 1.62, CI95% 1.46-1.80), in current smokers (PR 1.15, CI95%,1.07-1.25), in users of alcohol (PR 1.17, CI95% 1.03-1.31) and in obese people (PR 1.71,CI95% 1.55-1.88). The risk of observed obstructive apnea was greater in male gender (PR 2.05, CI95% 1.67-2.52), in over 60 years (PR 2.23, CI95% 1.64-3.03), in current smokers (PR 1.60, CI95% 1.25-2.05) and in obese people (PR 2.61, CI95% 1.97-3.47). Conclusion – Habitual snoring and observed obstructive apnea are common symptoms. Well-known risk factors such as male gender and people aged between 40 and 60 are not modifiable. However, smoking, alcohol use and obesity need to be identified and treated in general population.