Pressões a jusante de comportas tipo segmento invertida em condutos de eclusas.

Abstract

Brazil has a remarkable river richness with a navigable network of approximately 27,000 km and about 8,500 km of coastline. However, often this vast waterway mesh gaps are caused by human action or originated by the geomorphology of the region, which imposes the need to build sluices. The goals were released by the Guidelines of National Policy for Waterway Transportation in the coming years to provide the construction of several new sluices to strengthen the Brazilian water transportation system. Generally, the lower the number of sluices built to win an unevenness more money is safe in the project, but it brings to high falls, and therefore greater care with the most turbulent flows and high speeds within the aqueducts of the sluices. Soon this research analyses the medium and extreme pressures to which it is subjected downstream aqueduct of the gate inverted type segment navigation hsluicesigh fall, in order to know the filling characteristics and the emptying of the level of transposition chamber and the hydrodynamic forces, which can cause damage to pipelines. For that was implemented a physical model in the laboratory in order to better understand the hydraulic characteristics and identify behaviour patterns that assist in the operation of locks and improvement projects such structures. By analysing the tested data, it was possible to understand the behaviour of the mean and extreme pressures along the base and the conduit from the ceiling from the relationship between dimensionless coefficients position and pressure. As behaviour characteristic in the present study, there was formed next to gate for all degrees of opening other than 100%, a flow recirculation zone with the longitudinal variable length which occur at minimal pressure, and the ceiling receives a higher negative pressures request, i.e., tensile stresses. It was verified the applicability of the experimental model compared with other models cited in this research, and the results are presented more consistent to the average pressures, than to the minimum and extreme pressures. Soon this can be concluded that there is a risk of erosion, just downstream of the gate, which concentrate the greatest magnitude of tensile stresses caused by minimum pressures. In addition, that the hydraulic physical model in scale 1:32, proved its validity, but with lower performance for minimum extreme pressures in relation to the results obtained for the mean pressure.