Análise do transcriptoma de genótipos de arroz sob estresse por frio

Abstract

Chilling stress can cause significant economic losses in different phases of the cycle of rice. There are a wide of genetic variability for cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.), japonica subspecies is considered tolerant and subspecies indica is considered sensitive. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes among the cultivar BRS Atalanta (indica) (A), Nipponbare (japonica) (N) and bulks composed by RILs from crosses between them. Bulks (B) with the 15 closest RILs to each parent (BA and BN) RILs were composed based on SNPs-genotyping data. To analyze the transcriptome, plants of the treatment condition (T), 7d after imbibition were exposed to a chilling temperature of 13°C per 24h and plants of the control condition (C) remained 24h more at 28°C. After this time was performed the collection of seedlings, total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and preparation of libraries for sequencing (RNA-Seq) in a HiSeq 2000 sequencer, with 100bp single-end reads. Several combinations were analyzed to obtain the number of differentially expressed genes involving BRS Atalanta conditions (control and treatment), Nipponbare (control and treatment), bulk of RILs closest to BRS Atalanta – BA (control and treatment) and bulks of RILs closest to the cultivar Nipponbare - BN (control and treatment). A significant number of differentially expressed genes are shown in each condition, being generally founded more downregulated than up-regulated genes, except for the combinations AC x AT x NT x BAT and BAC x BNT. A dendrogram using the Jensen-Shannon distance shows the formation of two branches of which one is composed by BRS Atlanta cultivar and the bulks composed by the genotypic similarity with this cultivar. In the other branch is the cultivar Nipponbare and the bulks composed by similarity with the parent. Several differentially expressed genes from transcription factors families are present in different combinations, and for many of these families has been demonstrated its involvement in the response to chilling stress. The conclusions of this study indicate that the number of differentially expressed genes (log2 fold-change ≥ |1.5|) greatly changed between combinations, with an upper limit of 1481 down-regulated genes in the combination BAC x BNC and 1017 up-regulated genes in the combination NT x AT, six genes are up-regulate in the combination NT x BNT and five genes are upregulated in NC x BNC combination. The combinations analyzed showed differential expression of a large number of families of transcription factors, many of which have been described as responsive to cold stress, showing a diffuse pattern of expression between indica and japonica groups.