Impactos da inoculação de rizóbio e da restrição hídrica sobre o crescimento e a produtividade de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

Rhizobium inoculation is an effective strategy to optimize the productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under water restriction. This study evaluated the effects of inoculation and water limitation on the growth, productivity, and chlorophyll content of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivated in a greenhouse under a subtropical climate. The results showed that inoculation enhanced water retention and significantly increased grain yield, mitigating the negative effects of water stress. Water restriction reduced chlorophyll levels and productivity, but inoculation contributed to the plant’s adaptation to adverse conditions. Furthermore, enzymatic analyses indicated that water stress activated the plant's antioxidant defenses, stimulating the activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Inoculation enhanced this antioxidant response, increasing resistance to oxidative stress. It is concluded that rhizobium inoculation can be a viable alternative to mitigate the impacts of water restriction and improve the productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in regions subject to water scarcity.