Arranjos Multiníveis de Governança: a política antidesmatamento do governo Lula III e seus alinhamentos com os compromissos climáticos globais (2023–2025).

Abstract

Climate disasters have been gaining strength around the world, and their effects are increasingly felt by all living beings. One of the variables that worsens this scenario is deforestation. To combat it, global environmental governance mechanisms, through institutions, laws and treaties that seek to promote changes that ensure the level of protection necessary for human survival. In response to this challenge, two major milestones were established: the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda. Brazil, a signatory of the Agreement and a supporter of the Agenda, has been working to implement the agreed-upon norms within a multilevel environmental governance system, characteristic of its Planning Oriented to the 2030 Agenda. During the third Lula administration, the country's main biomes have been the focus of specific initiatives, expressed in two action plans: one for the Legal Amazon (an older plan) and others for the biomes of the Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Pantanal, and Pampa. In this context, this study questions whether the governance structures present in these initiatives contribute to achieving the targets established in the Planning Oriented to the 2030 Agenda, in accordance with the commitments assumed by Brazil in the Paris Agreement. The data, obtained through bibliographic research of international documents related to the topic, as well as scientific literature, suggest that the hypothesis is valid, meaning that in the analyzed time frame (2023–2025), the third Lula administration acted against deforestation in alignment with the actions and models envisioned in the international political landscape.