Fotoprodução de monopolos magnéticos e monopolium em colisores de altas energias

Abstract

This dissertation presents the search for magnetic monopoles in collider of particles through ultraperipheral collisions between two identical particles. The interest in monopoles started with Dirac work about magnetic monopoles that establishes a relationship between electric and magnetic charges, know as Dirac Quantizion Condition (DQC). Besides the Dirac theory, others models too predict the existence of isolated magnetic charges, for example, in Great Uni cation Theory GUT, that search unify all interaction between particles. We use photon fusion mechanism, emitted by incident particles, for the production of monopoles. In this mechanism, we assume that monopoles interact with the electron as a positron and, in analogy to electromagnetic coupling. The coupling between monopole and electron is obtained by exchange of e by g, were is the velocity of the produced monopoles. Through electromagnetic duality we can consider that the coupling monopole-electron, it is given by substituting e by g. These two couplings are very large, consequently of the DQC, and therefore methods perturbative may be required, but for the coupling g, we can use nonperturbative methods when the velocity of the monopole is very small. There is no conclusive experimental results that prove the existence of magnetic monopoles, but through experiments already performed in colliders as tevatron and HERA, limits for the minimum mass of these particles have been proposed.The experiment MoEDAL was constructed around of the LHCb in Large Hadron Collider LHC in order to detect highly ionizing particles such as magnetic monopoles. We estimate the production of monopoles in LHC with energy of 14 TeV for coliisions proton-proton and 5;5 TeV for lead-lead. The Linear Collider Compact (CLIC) does not have an experiment designed to search for magnetic monopoles, but through our results, we expect a production higher than the LHC.