Da liberdade a justiça social: abordagem das capacidades na teoria de Amartya Sen.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze Amartya Sen's theory of justice as an alternative mechanism to deal with the problems of social injustices. Sen approaches ethics and economics in a multidisciplinary way, analyzing topics such as social development, freedom and social justice, compiling his results in the capabilities approach. To this end, first, we will seek to understand the perception of freedom and actualization as a path to social development, its forms and reasons that make up the approach of capacities. According to the author, freedom is the means and end of development, so that we can achieve the well-being we choose to enjoy, and the expansion of the capacities we need for a life in society, with opportunities to improve the quality of life, health, work, etc. In the second chapter, we analyze the main deprivation of capacities and their effects on social development, demonstrating the deficit data of the Brazilian population and the dichotomy of inequality. Sen understands that equalizing income would not solve the problem of inequality between individuals, given the limitation of capacities that lead them to a state of vulnerability in the most diverse degrading ways that violate human rights. In the last chapter, we will deal with Sen's critique of the main theories of justice, as well as the concepts of the capabilities approach and the problems of plurality and incompleteness. Sen reshapes values of social justice, in contrast to alternative theories, evidencing the expansion of capacities, by understanding that, by expanding the informational bases of his theory, we will form more effective public policies in the search for social welfare.