Desenvolvimento e Aplicação de Sensores Eletroquímicos para o Monitoramento de Metais Pesados: enfoque em cobre

Abstract

One of the growing problems is contamination by heavy metals released into water, which can affect multiple uses of aquatic ecosystems. Brazilian legislation requires monitoring of water quality, however, the temporal spacing and cost of analyzes can be a major problem that makes monitoring difficult. Electrochemical sensors have been used as an alternative way to enable analysis and understanding of changes, facilitating decision-making and mitigating the negative effects caused by water pollution. These sensors are devices that efficiently quantify or detect physical- chemical events or changes, typically providing responses based on electrical or optical signals. The study presents the development of sensor systems based on low- cost and easy ultrathin carbon structures to measure copper concentration. To manufacture the graphene sensor, the deposition of thin polymide films was combined with the selective carbonization technique using laser. Scanning voltammetry is then applied to analyze the electrochemical performance of the sensor, enabling sensitive detection of various chemical species. The conclusion of this study on the graphene- based LIG sensor is extremely positive and promising for its use in various applications. The results obtained demonstrated that the sensor presents remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in detecting a wide range of substances, in addition to offering a fast and reliable response. Its ability to detect low concentrations of analytes, together with its durability and low production cost, makes it a highly attractive option for applications in both industrial environments and portable devices for environmental monitoring. Therefore, the results of this study open new perspectives for the effective and beneficial utilization of graphene-based LIG sensor in a variety of practical applications.