Características produtivas e de qualidade de vinhos finos produzidos em região de altitude catarinense com cultivares italianas de videira (Vitis vinifera) em diferentes porta-enxertos e densidade de plantio

Abstract

In the adaptation of grapevine cultivars to new productive regions, the use of rootstocks contributes by adapting the plant to soil and climate conditions. In this sense, the objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of rootstocks on the productive and enological characteristics of new Italian cultivars in Santa Catarina. For this, a vineyard was installed in 2016, in the municipality of Água Doce - SC, with five Italian cultivars, selected from the Trento 2006 project (Rebo, Sangiovese, Gargânega, Manzoni and Vermentino), using five different rootstocks (101-14 Mgt, Harmony, IAC 572, Paulsen 1103 and VR 043-43) and three spacings between plants (1.0; 1.2 and 1.5 meters). The phenological and productive characteristics of the vines were evaluated, as well as the quality characteristics of the wines. It is concluded that for cultivar Rebo, the initial growth is reduced with a spacing of 1.0 meter, regardless of the rootstock used, and the rootstocks 101-14 Mgt, VR043-43 and Paulsen 1103, induce the highest productivity in the spacing of 1.0 and 1.2 meters. For cultivar Vermentino, the rootstocks Paulsen1103 and VR043-43 delay sprouting and reduce the phenological subperiods, the rootstocks Paulsen1103 and 101-14Mgt contribute to the highest productivity, the rootstock IAC572 presents the lowest contribution to polyphenols and antioxidant activity, and the spacing of 1.0 meter between plants contributes to the greater productivity of the vineyard, and that, as the rootstock VR 043-43 provides the highest total acidity of the wines, the vintages interfere in relation to the quality of the independent wines of the rootstock used and that sensorially the wines of the Vermentino cultivar have a clear appearance, yellow hue with greenish reflections and medium acidity, regardless of the rootstock used. For the cultivar Sangiovese, the rootstocks IAC572, Paulsen 1103 and VR043-43 delay sprouting; spacing of 1.0 and 1.2 meters between plants increases vineyard productivity; the content of soluble solids is higher when using the rootstocks 101-14 Mgt, Harmony and Paulsen 1103; and the anthocyanin content is increased by the rootstocks 101-14 Mgt and Harmony, and that the quality of the wines is influenced by the growing season; sensorially, the use of rootstocks does not change the overall balance of the wines and that the rootstocks 101-14 Mgt and Harmony contribute to the highest concentration of alcohol and phenolic compounds. For the Manzoni cultivar, the Paulsen 1103 rootstock delays sprouting and shortens the production cycle; the rootstock IAC 572 decreases the initial productivity of the vineyard; and the 1.0 meter spacing between plants in the planting line confers greater productivity per hectare, and that the physical-chemical and sensory quality of Manzoni Bianco wines on different rootstocks is dependent on the growing season.